The Coke Machine Part 17
Page 109 percolating since a conference: Stephen Gardner, interview by the author. Stephen Gardner, interview by the author.
Page 109 eventually backed down: Keith Ervin, "School Board Is Warned Against c.o.ke Contract," Keith Ervin, "School Board Is Warned Against c.o.ke Contract," Seattle Times Seattle Times, July 2, 2003; Tan Vinh, "Soft Drinks Limited for Middle-Schoolers; District Extends, Restricts Coca-Cola Contract," Seattle Times Seattle Times, July 18, 2003.
Page 109 "I look at c.o.ke and Pepsi": Gardner, interview by the author. Gardner, interview by the author.
Page 110 one study at Johns Hopkins University: "Caffeine Added to Soft Drink to Addict Consumers, Says Study," "Caffeine Added to Soft Drink to Addict Consumers, Says Study," Food & Drink Weekly Food & Drink Weekly, August 21, 2000.
Page 110 "There are trial lawyers": Mindus, interview by the author. Mindus, interview by the author.
Page 110 quietly approached Gardner: Gardner, interview by the author. Gardner, interview by the author.
Page 110 trouble finding plaintiffs: Simon, interview by the author. Simon, interview by the author.
Page 111 drew up a confidential doc.u.ment: "Proposed School Beverage Policy, Draft Dated March 30, 2006 (2) For Discussion Only, Between the American Beverage a.s.sociation and Industry Representatives, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, and Public Health Advocacy Inst.i.tute." "Proposed School Beverage Policy, Draft Dated March 30, 2006 (2) For Discussion Only, Between the American Beverage a.s.sociation and Industry Representatives, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, and Public Health Advocacy Inst.i.tute."
Page 111 even Governor Rell bowed . . . pa.s.sed the bill in late April 2006: Stacey Stowe, "To Some in Hartford, c.o.ke Is a Real Evil Thing," Stacey Stowe, "To Some in Hartford, c.o.ke Is a Real Evil Thing," New York Times New York Times, April 7, 2006.
Page 111 calling a press conference a week later: American Beverage a.s.sociation, "Statement by Susan Neely, American Beverage a.s.sociation President and CEO Regarding the Partnership with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation on a New School Beverage Policy," May 3, 2006. American Beverage a.s.sociation, "Statement by Susan Neely, American Beverage a.s.sociation President and CEO Regarding the Partnership with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation on a New School Beverage Policy," May 3, 2006.
Page 112 "I don't think there are any villains here": Bruce Mohl, "After Soda Ban, Nutritionists Say More Can Be Done," Bruce Mohl, "After Soda Ban, Nutritionists Say More Can Be Done," Boston Globe Boston Globe, May 4, 2006.
Page 112 announced new guidelines . . . Advertising wasn't even addressed: Caroline Wilbert, Elizabeth Lee, and David Ho, "Beverage Industry Tightens Policy," Caroline Wilbert, Elizabeth Lee, and David Ho, "Beverage Industry Tightens Policy," Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution , May 4, 2006. , May 4, 2006.
Page 112 "I think there was considerable bad faith": Daynard, interview by the author. In an e-mail to the author, Alliance for a Healthier Generation spokesman Doug Cavarocchi declined comment on whether the organization was aware that a parallel negotiation was transpring. Daynard, interview by the author. In an e-mail to the author, Alliance for a Healthier Generation spokesman Doug Cavarocchi declined comment on whether the organization was aware that a parallel negotiation was transpring.
Page 113 $10 million ad campaign: Scott Leith, "Soft Drink Makers Start PR Offensive; Industry Ads Focus on Kids' Health," Scott Leith, "Soft Drink Makers Start PR Offensive; Industry Ads Focus on Kids' Health," Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution, September 7, 2006.
Page 113 One school in Wisconsin . . . Portland, Oregon, school district: Annys Shin, "Removing Schools' Soda Is Sticky Point," Annys Shin, "Removing Schools' Soda Is Sticky Point," Washington Post Washington Post, March 22, 2007; Arthur Gregg Sulzberger, "Threat of Fine Forces Talks on c.o.ke Sales," Oregonian Oregonian (Portland), February 6, 2007. (Portland), February 6, 2007.
Page 113 It took six months: Krisy Obbink, director of dining services, Portland (Oregon) Public Schools, interview by the author. Krisy Obbink, director of dining services, Portland (Oregon) Public Schools, interview by the author.
Page 113 local affiliates of the American Heart a.s.sociation: "Is the American Heart a.s.sociation Pulling Its Troops out of State Beverage Fights?" "Is the American Heart a.s.sociation Pulling Its Troops out of State Beverage Fights?" Corporate Crime Reporter Corporate Crime Reporter, June 1, 2006; Simon, e-mail to the author.
Page 113 A past president of the AHA: David Faxon, interview by the author. David Faxon, interview by the author.
Page 113 thirty-four states had some combination: Mich.e.l.le M. Mello et al., "The Interplay of Public Health Law and Industry Self-Regulation: The Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales in Schools," Mich.e.l.le M. Mello et al., "The Interplay of Public Health Law and Industry Self-Regulation: The Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales in Schools," American Journal of Public Health American Journal of Public Health 98, no. 4 (April 2008), 13-22. 98, no. 4 (April 2008), 13-22.
Page 114 On a federal level: Jane Black, "Senate Drops Measure to Greatly Reduce Sugar and Fat in Food at Schools," Jane Black, "Senate Drops Measure to Greatly Reduce Sugar and Fat in Food at Schools," Washington Post Washington Post, December 15, 2007.
Page 114 study by a consultant . . . down 88 percent: American Beverage a.s.sociation, Alliance School Beverage Guidelines Final Progress Report, March 8, 2010. American Beverage a.s.sociation, Alliance School Beverage Guidelines Final Progress Report, March 8, 2010.
Page 114 "It's a brand new day": American Beverage a.s.sociation, "Beverage Industry Delivers on Commitment to Remove Regular Soft Drinks in Schools, Driving 88% Decline in Calories," March 8, 2010. American Beverage a.s.sociation, "Beverage Industry Delivers on Commitment to Remove Regular Soft Drinks in Schools, Driving 88% Decline in Calories," March 8, 2010.
Page 114 grudgingly accept the ABA report: Margo Wootan, interview by the author. Margo Wootan, interview by the author.
Page 114 industry-funded study with a jaundiced eye: Roberta Friedman, public policy director, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, and Simon, interviews by the author. Roberta Friedman, public policy director, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, and Simon, interviews by the author.
Page 114 one independent study . . . never even heard of them: Lindsey Turner, research a.s.sistant professor of nutrition, Inst.i.tute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, interview by the author. Lindsey Turner, research a.s.sistant professor of nutrition, Inst.i.tute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, interview by the author.
Page 115 soda sales fell in the United States: Melanie Warner, "Soda Sales Fall for First Time in 20 Years," Melanie Warner, "Soda Sales Fall for First Time in 20 Years," New York Times New York Times, March 9, 2006.
Page 115 2.3 percent . . . in 2009: Valerie Bauerlein, "U.S. Soda Sales Fell at Slower Rate Last Year," Valerie Bauerlein, "U.S. Soda Sales Fell at Slower Rate Last Year," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, March 25, 2010.
Page 116 A 2008 study in Maine: Janet E. Whatley Blum et al., "Reduced Availability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Diet Soda Has a Limited Impact on Beverage Consumption Patterns in Maine High School Youth," Janet E. Whatley Blum et al., "Reduced Availability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Diet Soda Has a Limited Impact on Beverage Consumption Patterns in Maine High School Youth," Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 40, no. 6 (November-December 2008), 341-347. 40, no. 6 (November-December 2008), 341-347.
Page 116 Another study, of 11,000 fifth-graders: Meenakshi M. Fernandes, "The Effect of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption," Meenakshi M. Fernandes, "The Effect of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption," Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation 108, no. 9 (September 2008), 1445-1452; Elsevier company news, "New Study a.s.sesses the Impact of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption," September 2, 2008. 108, no. 9 (September 2008), 1445-1452; Elsevier company news, "New Study a.s.sesses the Impact of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption," September 2, 2008.
Page 116 6 percent in 2007 and 5 percent in 2008: The Coca-Cola Company Annual Report 2009. The Coca-Cola Company Annual Report 2009.
Page 116 80 percent of c.o.ke's total sales: Joe Guy Collier, "Worldwide Sales a Tonic for c.o.ke," Joe Guy Collier, "Worldwide Sales a Tonic for c.o.ke," Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution, November 16, 2008.
Page 116 "lost generation" for soda: Caroline Wilbert, "Teens Back Off Sugary Drinks," Caroline Wilbert, "Teens Back Off Sugary Drinks," Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution, June 22, 2006.
CHAPTER 5. THE BOTTLED WATER LIE.
Page 119 Perrier had introduced . . . getting for free: Elizabeth Royte, Elizabeth Royte, Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It (New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2008), 30; Charles Fishman, "Message in a Bottle," (New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2008), 30; Charles Fishman, "Message in a Bottle," Fast Company Fast Company, December 19, 2007.
Page 119 Perrier's profits from water rose: Fishman, "Message in a Bottle." Fishman, "Message in a Bottle."
Page 119 Evian, pioneered the use of lightweight bottles: Fishman, "Message in a Bottle." Fishman, "Message in a Bottle."
Page 120 $160 million recall: Alan Riding, Alan Riding, New York Times New York Times, "Perrier Widens Recall After Finding," February 15, 1990.
Page 120 swooped in to acquire Perrier: Richard Tomlinson, "Troubled Waters at Perrier," Richard Tomlinson, "Troubled Waters at Perrier," Fortune Fortune, November 29, 2004.
Page 120 sales shot up from $115 million: Royte, 33; Tony Clarke, Royte, 33; Tony Clarke, Inside the Bottle: Exposing the Bottled Water Industry Inside the Bottle: Exposing the Bottled Water Industry (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2007 [orig. pub. 2005]), 24. (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2007 [orig. pub. 2005]), 24.
Page 120 profit margins on water: Clarke, 83; Betsy McKay, "c.o.ke Strays from the Real Thing-Investors Fret That Bottled Water, Other Beverages, Don't Quench Their Thirst for Soft-Drink Profit," Clarke, 83; Betsy McKay, "c.o.ke Strays from the Real Thing-Investors Fret That Bottled Water, Other Beverages, Don't Quench Their Thirst for Soft-Drink Profit," Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, October 29, 2002.
Page 120 proprietary mix of minerals: Hays, 246-247. Hays, 246-247.
Page 120 Intended to signal relaxation and refreshment: David F. Gallagher, "Just Say No to H David F. Gallagher, "Just Say No to H2O (Unless It's c.o.ke's Own Brew)," New York Times New York Times, September 2, 2001.
Page 120 bought Belmont Springs . . . lackl.u.s.ter sales: Clarke, 30. Clarke, 30.
Page 120 $20 million campaign: "Dasani Pours on Wellness," "Dasani Pours on Wellness," Brandweek Brandweek, April 23, 2001.
Page 120 c.o.ke targeted women . . . replenished themselves with Dasani: "Dasani and "Dasani and Glamour Glamour Magazine Launch National Contest to Honor Women at Their Best," Internet Wire, July 19, 2002. Magazine Launch National Contest to Honor Women at Their Best," Internet Wire, July 19, 2002.
Page 121 up to $8.5 billion overall: Beverage Marketing Corporation, "Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show," April 20, 2009. Beverage Marketing Corporation, "Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show," April 20, 2009.
Page 121 behind Pepsi's Aquafina: Hillary Chura, "Dasani: Kellam Graitcer," Hillary Chura, "Dasani: Kellam Graitcer," Advertising Age Advertising Age, October 8, 2001.
Page 121 average French person drank: Paul Simao, "Bottled Water War Cuts into Profits," Paul Simao, "Bottled Water War Cuts into Profits," Calgary Herald Calgary Herald, January 31, 2004.
Page 121 7 million: "LFH Bottles Coca-Cola Water Brand," "LFH Bottles Coca-Cola Water Brand," Design Week Design Week, February 5, 2004.
Page 121 "The more you live"; "Prepare to get wet": "Advertising for Dasani," "Advertising for Dasani," Marketing Week Marketing Week, February 5, 2004.
Page 122 high-divers plummeted: Martin Wainwright, "Fall Guy: Daredevil Dives Promote Bottled Water," Martin Wainwright, "Fall Guy: Daredevil Dives Promote Bottled Water," Guardian Guardian, February 11, 2004.
Page 122 actually bottled in the southeast London suburb: Michael McCarthy, "Pure? c.o.ke's Attempt to Sell Tap Water Backfires in Cancer Scare," Michael McCarthy, "Pure? c.o.ke's Attempt to Sell Tap Water Backfires in Cancer Scare," Independent Independent, March 20, 2004.
Page 122 "perfected by NASA": "Soft Drink Is Purified Tap Water," BBC News, March 1, 2004. "Soft Drink Is Purified Tap Water," BBC News, March 1, 2004.
Page 122 "enhance the pure taste": "When You Get Headlines in the Press Like 'The Real Sting' in the Sun, 'c.o.ke Sells Tap Water' in the Mirror and 'Eau de Sidcup: Didn't Del Boy Try That?' in the Daily Mail, You Know There's a Story to Amuse," "When You Get Headlines in the Press Like 'The Real Sting' in the Sun, 'c.o.ke Sells Tap Water' in the Mirror and 'Eau de Sidcup: Didn't Del Boy Try That?' in the Daily Mail, You Know There's a Story to Amuse," Eastern Daily Press Eastern Daily Press (UK), March 16, 2004. (UK), March 16, 2004.
Page 122 "as pure as water gets": McCarthy, "Pure? c.o.ke's Attempt to Sell Tap Water Backfires in Cancer Scare." McCarthy, "Pure? c.o.ke's Attempt to Sell Tap Water Backfires in Cancer Scare."
Page 122 handed out for free: Valerie Elliott and Angela Jameson, "Coca-Cola Withdraws 'Sidcup Tap' Water," Valerie Elliott and Angela Jameson, "Coca-Cola Withdraws 'Sidcup Tap' Water," Times Times (London), March 20, 2004. (London), March 20, 2004.
Page 123 all but blamed the British government: Alison Purdy and Rachel Williams, "Coca-Cola Orders Recall of Bottled Water," Press a.s.sociation (UK), March 19, 2004. Alison Purdy and Rachel Williams, "Coca-Cola Orders Recall of Bottled Water," Press a.s.sociation (UK), March 19, 2004.
Page 123 FDA had warned manufacturers: Federal Register Federal Register 66, no. 60 (March 28, 2001). 66, no. 60 (March 28, 2001).
Page 123 formula for how much bromate: Barbara L. Marteney and Kristin Safran, "Continually Evolving Regulations for D/DBPs," Barbara L. Marteney and Kristin Safran, "Continually Evolving Regulations for D/DBPs," Water Quality Products Water Quality Products, September 2001.
Page 123 Nestle stopped using ozonation: Carlos David Mogollon, "Perrier Restricts Ozone Use Awaiting Better Control Options," Carlos David Mogollon, "Perrier Restricts Ozone Use Awaiting Better Control Options," Water Conditioning & Purification Water Conditioning & Purification, August 2001.
Page 123 typical headline: Philip Henser, "Should I Really Despise Coca-Cola?" Philip Henser, "Should I Really Despise Coca-Cola?" Independent Independent, March 26, 2004.
Page 123 plays on c.o.ke's own branding: John Arlidge, "Coca-Cola: Don't Drink the Water," John Arlidge, "Coca-Cola: Don't Drink the Water," Observer Observer, April 18, 2004.
Page 124 CAI cut its teeth in the fight: Bella English, "Taking Down the Marlboro Man: Kathy Mulvey Helped Negotiate a Treaty That, If Ratified, Would Ban Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship," Bella English, "Taking Down the Marlboro Man: Kathy Mulvey Helped Negotiate a Treaty That, If Ratified, Would Ban Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship," Boston Globe Boston Globe, December 23, 2003.
Page 124 founded as the Infant Formula Action Coalition: Marion Nestle, 145-158. Marion Nestle, 145-158.
Page 125 some $9 billion annually . . . almost 10 percent: Beverage Marketing Corporation, "Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show," April 20, 2009. Beverage Marketing Corporation, "Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show," April 20, 2009.
Page 125 Gallup poll at the time: Environmental Protection Agency, "a.n.a.lysis and Findings of the Gallup Organization's Drinking Water Customers Satisfaction Survey," August 6, 2003, 4. Environmental Protection Agency, "a.n.a.lysis and Findings of the Gallup Organization's Drinking Water Customers Satisfaction Survey," August 6, 2003, 4.
Page 125 set a "low priority": Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, "Bottled Water Regulations and the FDA," August-September 2002. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, "Bottled Water Regulations and the FDA," August-September 2002.
Page 125 standards are slightly lower . . . voluntary recalls: International Bottled Water a.s.sociation, "Regulation of Bottled Water: An Overview." International Bottled Water a.s.sociation, "Regulation of Bottled Water: An Overview."
Page 125 A cla.s.sic study: Natural Resources Defense Council, "Bottled Water: Pure Drink or Pure Hype?" March 1999. Natural Resources Defense Council, "Bottled Water: Pure Drink or Pure Hype?" March 1999.
Page 126 the American Medical a.s.sociation found: Case Western Reserve University, "Study Finds Some Bottled Water Has More Bacteria and Less Fluoride Than Tap Water," Case Western Reserve University, "Study Finds Some Bottled Water Has More Bacteria and Less Fluoride Than Tap Water," Science Daily Science Daily, March 22, 2000.
Page 126 a 2002 study by the University of Tuskegee: Abua Ikem et al., "Chemical Quality of Bottled Waters from Three Cities in Alabama," Abua Ikem et al., "Chemical Quality of Bottled Waters from Three Cities in Alabama," Science of the Total Environment Science of the Total Environment 285, nos. 1-3 (February 21, 2002), 165-175. 285, nos. 1-3 (February 21, 2002), 165-175.
Page 126 A 2004 study by the FDA: Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, "Questions and Answers About Perchlorate," February 8, 2009. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Safety, "Questions and Answers About Perchlorate," February 8, 2009.
Page 126 found thirty-eight different pollutants: Olga Naidenko et al., "Bottled Water Quality Investigation: 10 Major Brands, 38 Pollutants," Environmental Working Group, October 2008. Olga Naidenko et al., "Bottled Water Quality Investigation: 10 Major Brands, 38 Pollutants," Environmental Working Group, October 2008.
Page 126 traces of pharmaceutical drugs: Jeff Donn, "Pharmaceuticals Found in U.S. Drinking Water," a.s.sociated Press, March 10, 2008. Jeff Donn, "Pharmaceuticals Found in U.S. Drinking Water," a.s.sociated Press, March 10, 2008.
Page 126 "After learning about all the things": Royte, 135. Royte, 135.
Page 126 just over $2 per gallon: Mintel International Group, "Bottled Water-US-2008, Executive Summary." Mintel International Group, "Bottled Water-US-2008, Executive Summary."
Page 126 one- or two-tenths of a cent per gallon: Natural Resources Defense Council; Food & Water Watch. Natural Resources Defense Council; Food & Water Watch.
Page 127 idea of the Tap Water Challenge: Gigi Kellett, interview by the author. Gigi Kellett, interview by the author.
Page 127 Newark or Philadelphia tap water: Gary Haber, "Dozens Protest Coca-Cola Outside Annual Meeting," Gary Haber, "Dozens Protest Coca-Cola Outside Annual Meeting," News Journal News Journal (Wilmington, DE), April 20, 2006; Akweli Parker, "Taking the Water Taste Test; Actually, No One Bothered to Keep Score in This Bottled vs. Tap Challenge. Activists Felt They Made Their Point," (Wilmington, DE), April 20, 2006; Akweli Parker, "Taking the Water Taste Test; Actually, No One Bothered to Keep Score in This Bottled vs. Tap Challenge. Activists Felt They Made Their Point," Philadelphia Inquirer Philadelphia Inquirer, March 22, 2006.
Page 127 sources its water from an underground aquifer: Lee Klein, "Bottled Water Gets the Boot," Lee Klein, "Bottled Water Gets the Boot," Miami New Times Miami New Times, August 14, 2008.
Page 128 17 million . . . three times that: Peter H. Gleick and Heather Cooley, "Energy Implications of Bottled Water," Peter H. Gleick and Heather Cooley, "Energy Implications of Bottled Water," Environmental Research Letters Environmental Research Letters 4 (2009), 1-6. 4 (2009), 1-6.
Page 128 33 percent in 2009: Environmental Protection Agency, "America Recycles Day," November 10, 2009. Environmental Protection Agency, "America Recycles Day," November 10, 2009.
Page 128 50 percent in 1992: Container Recycling Inst.i.tute, "Water, Water Everywhere: The Growth of Non-Carbonated Beverages in the United States," February 2007. Container Recycling Inst.i.tute, "Water, Water Everywhere: The Growth of Non-Carbonated Beverages in the United States," February 2007.
Page 128 33 billion liters: Beverage Marketing Corporation, "Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show," April 20, 2009. Beverage Marketing Corporation, "Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show," April 20, 2009.
Page 128 rates of less than 20 percent: Container Recycling Inst.i.tute, "Water, Water Everywhere: The Growth of Non-Carbonated Beverages in the United States," February 2007. Container Recycling Inst.i.tute, "Water, Water Everywhere: The Growth of Non-Carbonated Beverages in the United States," February 2007.
Page 128 some 3 billion pounds: Jenny Gitlitz and Pat Franklin, "The 10 Incentive to Recycle," Container Recycling Inst.i.tute, July 2006. Jenny Gitlitz and Pat Franklin, "The 10 Incentive to Recycle," Container Recycling Inst.i.tute, July 2006.
Page 129 "Consumers are making a choice": Marc Gunther, "Bottled Water: No Longer Cool? Activists Turn Up the Heat on Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle," Marc Gunther, "Bottled Water: No Longer Cool? Activists Turn Up the Heat on Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle," Fortune Fortune, March 25, 2007.
Page 130 University of Central Florida's new stadium: Matt McKinley, "New Stadium Gets out of Hot Water," Matt McKinley, "New Stadium Gets out of Hot Water," Central Florida Future Central Florida Future, September 18, 2007; Luis Zaragoza and Claudia Zequeira, "UCF in Hot Water with Fans; Stadium Has No Drinking Fountains, Students Thirsty for Answers," Orlando Sentinel Orlando Sentinel, September 18, 2007.
Page 130 led by c.o.ke, showed up to lobby: Jennifer 8. Lee, "City Council Shuns Bottles in Favor of Water from Tap," Jennifer 8. Lee, "City Council Shuns Bottles in Favor of Water from Tap," New York Times New York Times, June 17, 2008.
Page 130 did approve a resolution to study: U.S. Conference of Mayors, "Bottled Water: The Impact on Munic.i.p.al Waste Systems," May 1, 2008. U.S. Conference of Mayors, "Bottled Water: The Impact on Munic.i.p.al Waste Systems," May 1, 2008.
Page 131 pa.s.sage of the earlier, tougher call: Vinnee Tong, "US Mayors Vote to Phase Out Bottled Water Consumption," a.s.sociated Press, June 23, 2008. Vinnee Tong, "US Mayors Vote to Phase Out Bottled Water Consumption," a.s.sociated Press, June 23, 2008.
Page 131 nixed bottled water: Mich.e.l.le Locke, "California's Chez Panisse Among Upscale Restaurants Leading Bottled Water Backlash," a.s.sociated Press, March 29, 2007. Mich.e.l.le Locke, "California's Chez Panisse Among Upscale Restaurants Leading Bottled Water Backlash," a.s.sociated Press, March 29, 2007.
Page 131 Mario Batali followed suit: Marian Burros, "Fighting the Tide, a Few Restaurants Tilt to Tap Water," Marian Burros, "Fighting the Tide, a Few Restaurants Tilt to Tap Water," New York Times New York Times, May 30, 2007.
Page 131 "one of capitalism's greatest mysteries": "Bottled Water and Snake Oil," Economist .com, July 31, 2007. "Bottled Water and Snake Oil," Economist .com, July 31, 2007.
Page 131 "Think Outside the Bottle" pledge . . . raised $100,000: Melissa Knopper, "Bottled Water Backlash," Melissa Knopper, "Bottled Water Backlash," E-The Environmental Magazine E-The Environmental Magazine, May/June 2008.
Page 132 revealing the source of its water: 2008 Nestle Waters North America Corporate Citizenship Report; Nestle Waters North America, Quality Reports, 2008 Nestle Waters North America Corporate Citizenship Report; Nestle Waters North America, Quality Reports, http://www.nestle-watersna.com.
Page 132 "The FDA's definition": Chris Vogel and Lee Klein, "Houston Turns Back to Tap Water: That Stuff Flowing from the Faucet Is Safe, Cheap and Environmental," Chris Vogel and Lee Klein, "Houston Turns Back to Tap Water: That Stuff Flowing from the Faucet Is Safe, Cheap and Environmental," Houston Press Houston Press, August 14, 2008.